In this article we will learn how to begin developing web applications using Ruby on Rails. First we setup the development environment, then develop a simple CRUD (create, read, update, delete) application using MySQL database, and deploy the application to Apache web server. An an example, we will develop a very simple point of sales (POS) application that consists only 3 tables: orders, order_details, and items.

Ruby on Rails Installation

Install Ruby if it’s not installed yet on your system:

# apt-get install  ruby1.8 ruby1.8-dev

 

Install Ruby Gem package management directly from Rubyforge since we need the newer version than version 1.3.1 that is shipped with Debian 5:

# wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/70696/rubygems-1.3.7.tgz

# tar xfz rubygems-1.3.7.tgz

# cd rubygems-1.3.7.tgz

# ruby setup.rb

# ln -s /usr/bin/gem1.8 /usr/bin/gem

 

Install Ruby on rails version 2.3.8 using gem command:

# gem install -v=2.3.8 rails

 

Start Developing the Application

We are going to put our application on /opt/rubyapp or whatever directory you like.

# cd /opt

# mkdir rubyapp

 

On that directory, run rails command to create a new application skeleton. We are going to create a simple POS application and we call it simplepos.

# rails simplepos

 

Rails will create the application skeleton on the directory name we specified. Go to that directory and run the server.

# cd simplepos

# ruby script/server

 

Ruby on Rails server will start and we can access it from http://yourserver-ip:3000, like the following:

Note: I once found a conflicting port 3000 on Debian 5, which was used by Dr WEB application. Simply stop that service or change the port in order that Rails application to start correctly.

You can see that the default database driver is SQL lite. We need to change this to MySQL. Edit the config/database.yml:

development:
  adapter: mysql
  database: simplepos_development
  user: root
  password: 1234
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  adapter: mysql
  database: simplepos_test
  user: root
  password: 1234
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

production:
  adapter: mysql
  database: simplepos_production
  user: root
  password: 1234
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

Adjust the user name and password according to your system. Then run this command to create all the databases defined on the config file:

# rake db:create:all

 

Run the server again (ruby script/server) and make sure that our database is now MySQL:

The Application Design

Our application is quite simple. It contains only 3 tables

• orders for storing sales transactions with the following fields:
• number
• order_date
• items for storing items to be sold the following fields:
• number
• name
• description
• unit_price
• order_details for storing order details with the following fields:
• order_id
• item_id
• qty
• unit_price
• amount

Here is the relation of the 3 tables:

Creating Model , Controller, and View using Scaffold for Orders Data

Let’s move on to coding. Rails provides us a very powerful scaffolding script that allows us to easily create the model, view, and controller, and even the tables related to the model.

First, create the Order model. Here we follow the Rails convention: model use singular word.

# ruby script/generate scaffold Order number:integer order_date:date

Rails will create our Order model, view, and controller. Take a look on simplepos/app folder. Next create the database table according to the fields that we sepcified on the scaffold above:

# rake db:migrate

Now, run the server again (ruby script/server) and test the CRUD functionality for the Order data by entering the URL address: http://yourserver-ip:3000/orders. We can see the list orf orders on the index page, a new order creation link, along with edit, update, and delete link if there’s an order already.

Listing orders:

Adding new order:

Order created:

List the orders on the order list:

Editing the order:

Deleting the order:

What have we have is a complete CRUD application for Orders table created automatically by Rails scaffolding.

Creating Model , Controller, and View using Scaffold for Items Data

Now create the model, controller, view, and table for items data, using the same steps as above.

# ruby script/generate scaffold Item number:integer name:string description:text unit_price:decimal

Then create the database table according to the fields that we specified on the scaffold above:

# rake db:migrate

And try to run the items CRUD by pointing to URL http://yourserver-ip:3000/items . You should be able to list, create, edit, and delete the items data now. This is the example of creating new item form.

Validating Data

If we need to validate data entered by the user, then we can easily edit the model and add validations to the fields. For example, we need to validate the existence of number and  order_date fields on orders table. Also we need to validate whether total_amount field is a number or not. Edit the app/model/order.rb file and add the following bold lines:

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates_presence_of :number, :order_date 
end

Stop and start the server again, and let’s enter the wrong data according to the validation rule.

Entering a blank number, order_date.

Of course, we could also add the validation to Items data by editing the app/model/item.rb file, by adding the following bold lines:

class Item < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates_presence_of :number, :name, :unit_price
   validates_numericality_of :unit_price
end

Try to create a blank number, name, unit_price on item data:

Creating Order Details MVC and Set the Relation

Order details is the place where we stored the actual sales transaction. It will record the items purchased on a particular order number. So it has a relation to items table and orders table as well, both for a “belongs to” relationship. So the relations will be:

• orders has many order_details
• items has many order_details
• order_details belongs to orders and items

Let’s create the MVC for this order details using the same steps as before:

# ruby script/generate scaffold OrderDetail order:references item:references qty:integer unit_price:decimal amount:decimal

Note that we used references data type for order and item on OrderDetail model. This will make Rails to create a relationship between OrderDetail and Order and Item model (ie OrderDetails belongs to Order and Item). It will also create a reference column on the order_details table, which is order_id and items_id.

Then create the database table according to the fields that we specified on the scaffold above:

# rake db:migrate

 

And take a look at the generated order_details table:

mysql> explain order_details;
+————+—————+——+—–+———+—————-+
| Field      | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+————+—————+——+—–+———+—————-+
| id         | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| order_id   | int(11)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| item_id    | int(11)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| qty        | int(11)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| unit_price | decimal(10,0) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| amount     | decimal(10,0) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| created_at | datetime      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| updated_at | datetime      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+————+—————+——+—–+———+—————-+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Note: created_at and updated_at are auto generated columns when we create the scaffolding.

Let’s define this relations to the models. First edit the order model (app/model/order.rb) and add the following bold lines:

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates_presence_of :number, :order_date
   has_many :order_details
end

And to the item model (app/model/item.rb)

class Item < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates_presence_of :number, :name, :unit_price
   validates_numericality_of :unit_price
   has_many :order_details
end

Also check the order detail model (app/model/order_detail.rb) has the relationship already because we specify that order and items are references when do the scaffolding.

class OrderDetail < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :order
  belongs_to :item
end

Edit routes.rb

We also need to edit the config/routes.rb so that the URL for order and order details also have a relationship information that order has many order_details. Modify the file so it looks like the following:

ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
  map.resources :items

  map.resources :orders, :has_many => :order_details

….

It will enable us to access the order details data below the order URL like this: http://yourserver:3000/orders/1/order_detail

Adding Order Detail Form

We need to add the detail form below the Order show page so that we can add item details for a particular Order.

Add these bold lines just below the Date field of the Order:

…

<p>
  <b>Order date:</b>
  <%=h @order.order_date %>
</p>

<h1>Order details</h1>
<table>
<tr>
   <th>Item</th>
   <th>Qty</th>
   <th>Unit Price</th>
   <th>Amount</th>
</tr>

<%= render :partial => @order.order_details %>

<% form_for [@order, OrderDetail.new] do |f| %>
<tr>
   <td><%= f.label :item_id, "item" %></td>
   <td><%= f.label :qty, "Qty" %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
   <td><%= f.select :item_id, @items.map {|u| [u.name,u.id %></td>
   <td><%= f.text_field :qty %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
   <td></td><td><%= f.submit "add detail" %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>
</table>

...

We need to create a new file under app/views/order_details, called app/views/order_details/_order_detail.html.erb. This file is required by the :render=>partial line above and is a partial template file used to render each order detail lines for an Order.

<% div_for order_detail do %>
<tr>
   <td><%=h order_detail.item.name %></td>
   <td><%=h order_detail.qty %></td>
   <td><%=h order_detail.unit_price %></td>
   <td><%=h order_detail.amount %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>

Then, we create a form for order details of an order ( form_for [@order, OrderDetail.new] do |f| ). After this, f variable will be related to order_details, but when submitted it will go to  /orders/<id>/order_details.

On that form, we use select() helper function to render a selection box that is populated with all items data that we have where users can pick an item from. Using @items.map we create an array that is required by the select() as its option values.

Next, edit app/controller/orders_controller.rb file so that it provides us with @items object that we used on the select() above.

def show
  @order = Order.find(params[:id])
  @items = Item.find(:all)

  respond_to do |format|
    format.html # show.html.erb
    format.xml  { render :xml => @order }
  end
end

Modify app/controller/order_details_controller.rb so that it contains only one create method (delete all other methods generated by the scaffolding process). This is invoked when we create a new order_detail record.

class OrderDetailsController < ApplicationController
   def create
      @order = Order.find(params[:order_id])
      @order_detail = @order.order_details.create!(params[:order_detail])
      item = Item.find(params[:order_detail][:item_id])
      qty = params[:order_detail][:qty]
      @order_detail.update_attributes(:amount=>item.unit_price.to_i * qty.to_i , :unit_price=>item.unit_price)
      redirect_to @order
   end
end

On this method, first we find the order identified by an ID (params[:order_id]) which is a parameter posted by the order detail form.

Found the Order, we create an OrderDetail record by calling @order.order_details.create!() method. This is possible because we have declared that an order can have many order_details.

Next we find the item that is being selected by the user, to find out its unit_price and calculate the order detail amount. Then we update the attributes of order_details using these values.

After all processes are done, we redirect back to the order URL (redirect_to @order).

It’s time now to try our modified application, go to Order URL and click Show link. We will have a new look of the form:

Try to add items on the order and check the unit price and amount.

Calculating Order’s Total Amount

It’s time to calculate the total amount of an order which is the sum of amounts of all order_details that it has.

This is easily calculated using the relation that we have set before (order has many order_details). After defining that relation, we will be able to call order.order_details.sum(colname) and get the total value of colname on the order_details table where order_id is the order that we are looking at.

So, we can edit add/model/order.rb to add a new method total_amount that will return the sum of column amount on the table that it has many (order_details):

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
   validates_presence_of :number, :order_date, :total_amount
   validates_numericality_of :total_amount
   has_many :order_details

   def total_amount
      self.order_details.sum(:amount)
   end
end

Now we can use that method from our views. Edit the app/views/orders/index.html.erb:

<h1>Listing orders</h1>

<table>
  <tr>
    <th>Number</th>
    <th>Order date</th>
    <th>Total amount</th>
  </tr>

<% @orders.each do |order| %>
  <tr>
    <td><%=h order.number %></td>
    <td><%=h order.order_date %></td>
    <td><%=h order.total_amount %></td>
    <td><%= link_to ‘Show’, order %></td>
    <td><%= link_to ‘Edit’, edit_order_path(order) %></td>
    <td><%= link_to ‘Destroy’, order, :confirm => ‘Are you sure?’, :method => :delete %></td>
  </tr>
<% end %>
</table>

Here is the look of the modified index pages:

And also the app/views/orders/show.html.erb:

<p>
  <b>Number:</b>
  <%=h @order.number %>
</p>

<p>
  <b>Order date:</b>
  <%=h @order.order_date %>
</p>

<p>
  <b>Total amount:</b>
  <%=h @order.total_amount %>
</p>

. . .

Here is the look of the modified show page:

Decorating and Layout

Per model layout

As part of the scaffolding process, Rails generates a layout template for each model that we created. It is located on app/views/layouts directory. For example, we change the layout of the Items data, which is the app/views/layouts/items.html.erb.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
  <title>Items: <%= controller.action_name %></title>
  <%= stylesheet_link_tag ‘scaffold’ %>
</head>
<body>

<p style="color: green"><%= notice %></p>

<%= yield %>

</body>
</html>

As you can see, it’s a regular HTML file with a special tag that comes from Rails, which are    <%= stylesheet_link_tag ‘scaffold’ %>  and <%= yield %>. The first tag is how Rails application link a CSS file, in this case scaffold.css. Rails automatically search this file on public/stylesheets directory on our application folder.

The next tag is <%= yield %>. This is a Rails variable that contains the data generated by the view. So everything that we write on the view files will be contained in this variable and rendered on this layout file.

Let’s modify the body background color for Items data only, so change the body tag to <body style="background-color:#aaa">. We should see the background color for Items listing, edit, create, and update page will be changed.

Global application layout

If you’d like to change the layout globally for each model pages, then you will need to create a new file called app/views/layouts/application.html.erb, and delete  all other layout files generated by the scaffold. You can copy from another layout file exists as a template, then do the layout adjustments on that file and rename it to application.html.erb.

Having only application.html.erb will make Rails to use that file as the layout for the application. So you have to delete all other layout files, otherwise Rails will use that file instead.

The CSS, image, and Javascript files location

On your application directory, there’s a directory named public. This is where we store all public resources, like CSS, images, and Javascript files.

Rails provides us with some helper functions to generate the proper path for accessing these things, for example image_tag() to access images on public/images, stylesheet_link_tag() to access CSS files, and javascript_include_tag() to access Javascript files.

The Default Welcome Page

When pointing our browser to http://yourserver-ip:3000/ we will get the Ruby on Rails welcome page by default. We can change this default behaviour by editing the config/routes.rb file. Look at the map.root :controller => "welcome" line, and uncomment that line.

…

map.root :controller => "welcome"

…

 

It means that our application’s default controller is called welcome, which is not exist right now.

Next step, we need to delete public/index.html file.

# rm public/index.html

Then, we need to create that controller, simply by  running script/generate again but this time with controller parameter and not scaffold as we have used before.

# ruby script/generate controller welcome index

The command tells Rails to create for us a controller named welcome with a method index. Beside that Rails will also create a view file on app/views/welcome/index.html.erb that we can customize right away.

Let’s modify app/views/welcome/index.html.erb  so that it will show us a main menu for our application :

<h1>Welcome to Simple POS</h1>

<ul>
   <li><%= link_to "Orders" , orders_path %></li>
   <li><%= link_to "Manage Items" , items_path %></li>
</ul>

Here we use another Rails helper function link_to() which will create a HTML <a href> tag, which will display a link text as specified by the first parameter, and will jump to the URL that we specified in it’s second parameter.

We also use orders_path and items_path, which are the helper functions that is automatically generated by the scaffolding process to go to the index page (listing) of the order and item data.

The link can also be referred as these:

   <%= link_to "Orders" , :controller=>"orders", :action=>"index" %>

Testing the Application

Rails provides us a test suite for testing out our application programmatically. This will make us easier to test all functionality of our application without testing it manually by entering data on the user interface pages.

For example, it we need to test the application functionalities, run this comman:

# rake test:functionals

We can see the test results and  will be notified if something not expected exists.

Deploying Into Apache Web Server

Install modrails aka Passenger to be used by Apache web server:

gem install passenger

Then type:

passenger-install-apache2-module

Then follow the instructions on that script.

Deploying on name based virtual host:

Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. Make sure that the following conditions are met:

• The virtual host’s document root must point to your Ruby on Rails application’s public folder.
• The Apache per-directory permissions must allow access to this folder.
• MultiViews must be disabled for this folder.

For example:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.simpleblog.com
    DocumentRoot /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog/public
    <Directory /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog/public>
        Allow from all
        Options -MultiViews
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

You may also need to tweak your file/folder permissions. Make sure that the following folders are readable and executable by Apache:

• this public folder.

• the application’s config folder.

• all parent folders. That is, /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog , /opt and /opt/rubyapp/must also be readable and executable by Apache.

  Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.

Deploying to a sub URI:

Suppose that you already have a virtual host:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.yoursite.com
    DocumentRoot /www/yoursite
    <Directory /www/yoursite>
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

And you want your Ruby on Rails application to be accessible from the URL http://www.yoursite.com/simpleblog.

To do this, make a symlink from your Ruby on Rails application’s public folder to a directory in the document root. For example:

ln -s /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog/public /www/yoursite/simpleblog

Next, add a RailsBaseURI option to the virtual host configuration, and also make sure that:

• The Apache per-directory permissions allow access to this folder.

• MultiViews is disabled for this folder.

For example (notice the lines in bold):

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.yoursite.nl
    DocumentRoot /www/yoursite
    <Directory /www/yoursite>
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    RailsBaseURI /simpleblog
    <Directory /www/yoursite/simpleblog>
        Options -MultiViews
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.

Deploying to a port based virtual host

What if you want to access your application using a port number, like http://yoursite.com:9000. To do this, use Apache’s port based virtual host.

Add Listen directive to ports.conf or httpd.conf:

Listen 9000

 

Then add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. Make sure that the following conditions are met:

• The virtual host’s document root must point to your Ruby on Rails application’s public folder.
• The Apache per-directory permissions must allow access to this folder.
• MultiViews must be disabled for this folder.

For example:

<VirtualHost *:9000>

   ServerName www.yoursite.com

      DocumentRoot /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog/public

      <Directory /opt/rubyapp/simpleblog/public>

         AllowOverride all

         Options -MultiViews

      </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Also, delete or comment out the NameVirtualHost * directive on your httpd.conf.

Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.

Resources

• http://rubyonrails.org
• http://www.railscasts.com
• http://www.modrails.com

Akhmad Daniel Sembiring

akhmad.daniel[at]gmail.com

vitraining.com -CEO

This article explain how to use JavaMail API for sending email through our Java application. This will cover simple email, HTML email, and email with attachments.

The required JavaMail API can found here. Put it on a directory accessible by CLASSPATH setting. It’s a good idea to read the JavaMail FAQ.

Simple Email

This test application is used for sending simple email.

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;

import java.util.Properties;

class SimpleMail {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
      Properties props = new Properties();
      props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
      props.setProperty("mail.host", "mail.server.com");
      props.setProperty("mail.user", "mailuser");
      props.setProperty("mail.password", "mailpwd");

      Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
      Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport();

      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      message.setSubject("Testing simple email by JavaMail API");
      message.setContent("This is just a test", "text/plain");
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
           new InternetAddress("rhoma@irama.org"));

      transport.connect();
      transport.sendMessage(message,
          message.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO));
      transport.close();
    }
}

HTML Email

This application is a sample of sending HTML email using JavaMail API.

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;

import java.util.Properties;

class SimpleHTMLMail {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
      Properties props = new Properties();
      props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
      props.setProperty("mail.host", "mail.server.com");
      props.setProperty("mail.user", "mailuser");
      props.setProperty("mail.password", "mailpwd");

      Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
      Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport();

      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      message.setSubject("Testing JavaMail HTML email");
      message.setContent
         ("This is just a test <b>HOW TO<b> send HTML email",                 "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1");
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
         new InternetAddress("rhoma@irama.org"));

      transport.connect();
      transport.sendMessage(message,
         message.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO));
      transport.close();
    }
}

Email with Attachments

This is a sample application for sending email with attachment using JavaMail API. Note that you will also need additional Jar for this, the Java Activation Framework, JAF, which can be downloaded here.

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;

import java.util.Properties;

class SimpleMailWithAttachment {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
      boolean debug = false;
      Properties props = new Properties();
      props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
      props.setProperty("mail.host", "mymail.server.org");
      props.setProperty("mail.user", "emailuser");
      props.setProperty("mail.password", "");

      Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
      mailSession.setDebug(debug);
      Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport();

      MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
      message.setSubject("Testing javamail with attachment");

      MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
      textPart.setContent("<h1>Check attachment</h1>", "text/html");

      MimeBodyPart attachFilePart = new MimeBodyPart();
      FileDataSource fds =
          new FileDataSource("SimpleMailWithAttachment.java");
      attachFilePart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
      attachFilePart.setFileName(fds.getName());

      Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
      mp.addBodyPart(textPart);
      mp.addBodyPart(attachFilePart);

      message.setContent(mp);
      message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
          new InternetAddress("elvis@presley.org"));

      transport.connect();
      transport.sendMessage(message,
          message.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO));
      transport.close();
    }
}

No traffic means you will not get sales. This is the very most important equation when it comes to internet marketing. Whether you are new to internet marketing or an experienced marketer still no one will ever get to see your site and be amazed with it when it doesn’t have any traffic at all. Specially for those who have just built a website having all the money making affiliate links that are all plugged in, or just a simple website wherein it promotes your own business services and products.

If you have just started to be an affiliate I supposed you have already tried many means of advertising for your affiliate programs. Maybe you have already tried using safelists, submitting them manually and then moved on to millions of automated submission tools or perhaps you have also bought leads for your business.

It’s possible you did make some sales and got a couple of leads, but still the results remain far from fantastic plus all of these methods are very time consuming. All this effort can be very expensive and at some point of times it can also be demoralizing. You just imagine, you are going to send powerful email advertisements to thousands of quality leads and then just hear from a few them and also before I forget, there are also those cheap traffic sites that just sell you pop overs that are useless.

If you have experienced these things that I have told you well this is the only way out.

Pay-per-click search engines where you can drive targeted traffic to your website. This is a search engine methods that doesn’t mind if your site is indexed for ages or if it’s a brand new website you have just created minutes ago. You are really assured that targeted traffic is all worth a ton. We all know that by any means communication is the most important one. In internet marketing if there is higher means of communications there is also a higher possibility of having sales because if people have already found your site they are already interested in your product and your affiliate program. Conversion could be between 3-5% if you are using good targeted keywords and well written ads.

At present, the biggest and most leading search engines are Google and Overture, they have the largest network of engines. When you set up a campaign in Adwords it will not really take an hour if you only got the keywords and the ads ready. You will already see massive traffic streaming in just 15 minutes right after you have set up your campaign. This could really cost you more but you have to consider that you are only paying for the relevant clicks and not for view and for impressions and in return you will get targeted traffic and converts much better.

You as a beginner in setting up for PPC ad campaigns, you are advisable to start on smaller PPC search engines because the clicks there are cheaper even though the traffic is lower. These are search engines like Miva, GoClicks,7Search.com, ExactSeek and more but however if your product is really competitive the amount of traffic offered by these search engines can add pretty much.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=79615

Image via Wikipedia

Having an online business means that you need to get free targeted website traffic or you will never make money and never succeed. There are many different strategies that can be used for getting free targeted traffic. You just need to know the more effective strategies to use.

Here are the most effective strategies that anyone can use for free targeted traffic to any business online.

One: Article marketing – This is one of the most effective strategies you can use for building targeted traffic to your site now and far into the future. There are many ways online that articles can be used to get your site out there. You can distribute them to forums, article directories, social marketing sites or even your blog.

Two: Social marketing – This is a method that you definitely need to be using because it is becoming one of the best and most effective ways to market any business online. There are many social sites you should use. Find these sites and educate yourself on using it effectively and before you know it, your business will be receiving a lot of targeted traffic.

Three: Forums – Find forums that are related to your niche and get involved in them. Set up a signature file with your business information. Each time you post a question, make a comment, answer a question, or do any type of post it is displayed giving you free marketing.

Four: SEO – Make sure your website is optimized for the search engines. Pay close attention to what keywords are being used and then use as many targeted ones as possible. Search engines will pick up these keywords and then you will start to see your site placed in their free results.

Five: Videos – There are many free sites online that help you make a video. You just need to have a webcam and then find these sites. Video is an effective and popular advertising tool to get targeted traffic.

These are the most effective strategies that you want to use for free targeted website traffic. Educate yourself on how to use each strategy effectively and then put into action what you learn. You want to have numerous marketing methods working for you to get more traffic. This is the only way to find success online and make money.

NetBeans™ IDE 6.8 offers best-in-class support for the entire Java™ Platform Enterprise Edition 6 specification and the Sun GlassFish™ Enterprise Server v3 platform. Simplify Java application development with Java EE 6 language features: less XML configuration and more POJO-like development; easily target and deploy to GlassFish v3.

NetBeans IDE continues to be the tool of choice for top development languages, and this release includes new features and improved support for PHP 5.3 and the Symfony framework, the latest JavaFX™ SDK 1.2.1, C/C++, Ruby, Maven and more. Integration with Project Kenai, a collaborative environment for hosting open-source projects, now offers full support for JIRA, as well as improved issue tracker integration. As always, the NetBeans Platform provides a rock-solid application framework that can save years of development time.

Supporting Java EE 6 improvements first, NetBeans IDE 6.8 boosts developer productivity and lets developers take advantage of today’s latest languages and platform features.

NetBeans IDE 6.8 is available in English, Brazilian-Portuguese, Japanese and Simplified Chinese.

Release Highlights

Java Enterprise Edition 6

• JavaServer™ Faces 2.0 for web interfaces and the ability to use EJB™ software in web applications
• Java Persistence JPA 2.0 and RESTful web services support
• Deployment, debugging and profiling with GlassFish v3

JavaServer Faces 2.0 (Facelets)

• Code completion, error hints, namespace completion, documentation popups, and tag auto-import for Facelets
• Editor support for Facelets libraries, composite components, expression language

JavaFX

• Support for JavaFX SDK 1.2.1
• Improved navigation, code completion, and editor hints

PHP

• PHP 5.3 support
• Symfony framework support

Kenai.com: Connected Developer

• Full JIRA support
• Improved issue tracker integration

Maven

• Improved support for Java EE 6, Groovy, Scala projects
• Customizable dependency exclusion in dependency graph

Ruby

• Support for Rails 2.3.4 apps with dispatchers, JRuby 1.4, Ruby 1.9 debugging, RSpec 1.2.7
• Improved rename refactoring, type inference, and navigation

C/C++

• Profiling: New Thread Microstates indicator and Thread Details view
• Faster synchronization during remote development

Learn More

• NetBeans IDE 6.8 Release Information
• NetBeans IDE 6.8 Tutorials and Videos
• NetBeans Platform 6.8
• NetBeans Community
• NetBeans on Twitter
• Planet NetBeans
• NetBeans on ChannelSun

Online videos have emerged in the last few years to become one of the preferred methods to present your message to the on line community. Every major and even small newspapers have a online presence these days. There are thousands of newspaper articles that are published online on any given day. And there is a considerable amount of traffic that is driven from

Image via CrunchBase

these posted articles. Now with the emergence of Video directories such as Youtube you are able to increase the online traffic of your newspaper articles drastically by combining your article marketing and video marketing together. There are statistics that show there are 50,000 viewings of videos on Youtube daily. There are also statics that show Youtube has over 150,000 videos submitted to their website on a daily basis.

This amount of traffic is to big to ignore if you have a import message you want to convey in your online newspaper articles. In my article today I want to present to you 3 simple steps to boost the chances of your news articles on video being watched on Youtube and other video directories. Google seems to love video streams so if you learn what google looks for when and the methods google uses to list your video articles is very similar to other standard directory listings. With some basic submission tips you can tap into both article and video marketing medias with even a stronger voice to the online community.

Step# 1 Create a keyword rich tittle for your article video from keywords that are used in your newspaper article.

When you create video articles you need to optimize your videos tittle just as you would optimize the tittle of a newspaper article if you were submitting it to various newspaper and article directories. Only know you will be submitting to video directories such as,Youtube, Blim.tv, Howcast, Photobucket, Veoh, Vsocial, Dailymotion, Metacafe, Revver, Viddler, Yahoo video, Face Book, Myspace Video, and Sclipo. For example if you have a online newspaper article about distance running, then the the first two words of your tittle would be "distance Running :" followed by a space and a Colon. Then some where before the end of the tittle use a secondary key word phrase that supports your article video. Here’s an example of a tittle that would work "Distance Running: Tips On How To Be Competitive In a 5k Race"

Step# 2 Optimize your video article description using keyword rich content.

Just like in your tittle google looks for keywords that are are about your video article. Make sure the keywords you use are actually used in article video. Video directories such as Youtube, Blim.tv, Howcast, Photobucket, Veoh, Vsocial, Dailymotion, Metacafe, Revver, Viddler, Yahoo video, Face Book, Myspace Video,and Sclipo Will also use keywords from your description to locate specific videos when people do a search.

Step# 3 Using Video tags that relate to your video article.

It is very important do not overlook this step when you submit to your article video to the video directories.Many people overlook the video tags when they submit their article videos to the video directories and this is a serious mistake if you want to get your video article watch numerous times at the video directories. At minimum you need to use tags such as the main keyword phrases you used in your tittle and description. Ideally you need to identify at least 5 to 7 keywords, or keyword phrase that are used in your article video. The video directories use these tags to list relevant videos when people search for a specific video topic they want to see.

Well that concludes my article about video newspaper articles. I hope the information we have provided will be useful.Have a nice day!

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=68219

If you come online and put up a website or blog, but feel that your website is just another drop in the ocean and can’t stick out among the millions of other websites trying to get the attention of the rest of the world. Well, attracting traffic is an easy task when you know how the fundamentals of generating traffic works.

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

Since there are basically 3 ways to drive more traffic; Paying for it, Creating it, and Borrowing it you have a few choices when it comes to adding more traffic. This article will show you a few web site traffic promotion strategies that are completely free in the "create traffic" area.

The first thing you must understand when it comes to get more free traffic it’s the simple fact that thousands of people are just like you, wanting the same visitors as you do. You have to differenatiate yourself by becoming more valuable than your competitors. In order to add value to people’s lives you must know what they want. Therefor you are likely doing your traffic generation wrong. You are wondering how you can "get more traffic" when in reality you have to attract it by adding value to their life.

Web site traffic promotion is easy when you follow these few methods to add value:

* Creating and writing valuable articles.

* Uploading and promoting videos.

* Write and share a blog with tips and tricks.

* Become active in social media and become an attractive force that gets the attention of your target market.

These are some of the web site traffic promotion strategies that I personally use to promote my 60+ websites, but there are many more ways to use the internet to share a message you believe in. Video is one of the most powerful ways that I attract traffic.

The reason video works so well is because of the instant connection you can create between yourself and a potential visitor, and if your video has enough value it can spread virally and add thousands of visitors to your websites.

The reason I focus highly on video is because the sheer power of YouTube is so amazing. A keword that is hard to rank for in Google with millions of competing pages can easily be dominated on YouTube and other video sharing websites. So if you are not using video in your traffic promotion right now you’d be well of giving it a good try!

You should also submit articles as often as you can. They can be short and informative, but bring a lot of free targeted traffic to your websites.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=71595

Copyright (c) 2009 Willie Crawford

Image by Kansir via Flickr

It goes without saying that if you don’t have website traffic, the other components of your web business can’t work very effectively. Without eyeballs on your sales letter, you won’t make any sales!

There are many ways to generate fast free website traffic, but many of them aren’t readily available to the average, lesser-known marketer.

Joint ventures are an excellent way to get tons of others to send you there traffic. However, joint ventures hinge upon relationships/connections, and many of the people with the most traffic have tons of their own products to promote. Those who own large lists are also approached about joint ventures so often that they may have commitments that extend out past six months.

If you do have a large list, getting immediate traffic to your website can be as simple as sending a compelling email. However, it takes time to build a quality list. It also takes time to build strong relationships and trust with your list members.

Another one of my favorite ways to generate lots of free traffic is by creating an inexpensive product and then allowing others to selling it and keep 100% of the profit. However, that does require a product on a really hot topic, and you still have to recruit affiliates.

You are also giving away 100% of the money on the sale (sacrificing early profits), and your goal there is not so much traffic but to build a list. I do often do this, using a script called Rapid Action Profits, which deposits proceed from the sale directly into my affiliates Paypal accounts while adding the new subscriber to my list automatically.

However, for generating traffic that is free, fast, and even long-term, I recommend creating lots of content and putting it in the path of the search engines. In fact, I often do this when I’m launching a new product, or even promoting a new affiliate product. Here are the down and dirty steps that I take:

1) Do your keyword research, striving to identify the "buying keywords" that your target customers are using. One easy way to do that is to use the "Google External Keyword Tool" to research which keywords get the most searches. This tool is free to use, and will also suggest related keywords to you.

What you are looking for is evidence that people are searching on a given phrase, and that those people are spending money. The Google External Keyword Tool will tell you this.

You can also enter a keyword phrase that you plan to target into the regular Google search box, and look at how many Google AdWords ads display on the right side of the page. These are people paying for each click from people who search on that term, and then click through to their sites. Presumably, they wouldn’t pay for those clicks unless these customers were spending money.

2) Use your target keywords to craft titles for 20 articles. In addition to the keywords make sure that your title also promises some benefit. The article title is what’s going to get you the most traction in the search engines.

3) Actually write those 20 articles. They can be as short as 400 words. If you have trouble writing, go to several of the bigger article directories and read what others have written on the topic. Also Google the keyword and look at what experts have had to say on the topic. Then write the articles.

If you are still stumped, simply plug your mike into your computer and then talk about the topic. Most of us are certainly good at talking. Record your thoughts then go back and organize them and you have an article (or several articles).

Add a resource box to the article that tells the reader to go to your site for more information, or resources (your product) on the topic. When linking back to your site, use your keyword as the anchor text where permitted.

4) Turn each article into a video. The simplest way to do this is probably to put your main points on PowerPoint slides. Then as you read your article, flip through the slides, and record it using Camtasia screen capture software. As easy as that, you have a movie.

5) Turn each article into a podcast (an MP3). Just read the article and record it using software built right into your computer. You can also download free recording software for tons of places on the internet. One of my favorites is Audacity.

6) Write several press releases using the article titles as your topic. Here you need to get a little creative, but as an example, for this article I would use, "Website Traffic Expert Reveals How To Generate Free website Traffic Fast."

These press releases are being written for SEO purposes, so the exact wording is not so critical. You are going to share several point in the press release and then you are going to link to one or two websites that you want to call attention to. Your links will use your keywords as the anchor text.

7) Submit these articles, videos, podcasts, and press releases to article directories, video sharing sites, podcast aggregators, and free press release sites. Since I do this for numerous products and projects, I use an automated submission site. Being a very prolific writer, I have weeks when I may do 20-40 articles (while still running my web business).

8) "Rinse and repeat!" What happens over time is that you’ll soon have so much content in cyberspace that you’ll achieve critical mass. At that point you’ll rank for your most important keywords as well as lots of longtail keywords. At that point, you’ll be amazed at the traffic.

To speed up the process you can also post your articles to an optimized WordPress blog that’s been configured to "ping" RSS aggregators, social networking sites, and bookmarking sites each time that you post. If you don’t know how to do that, it’s beyond the scope of this article, but most webmasters familiar with WordPress can set that up quickly for you. WordPress is very simple, yet very powerful.

There you have it, "How to generate free website traffic fast!" Yes, there is work involved, but when you see the results, you’ll know that it was well worth it.

About The Author:

Willie Crawford has been marketing online for 13 years, and used article marketing most of that time (writing over 1500 articles). His favorite tools for automatically distributing his articles, videos, podcasts, and press releases is the automated submission site: http://EasyPushButtonTraffic.com/

Read more articles written by: Willie Crawford

Now that your site is up and running, you’ll need to be able to manage the content in the best way possible. There are a number of web content management software that you may want to take a look at to get the job done. Each program is tailored for both larger or smaller websites, and the content management tools that you’ll find will definitely help you to keep your site in order.

In many cases, companies or businesses will create their own web content management software in order to keep all the content, graphics, and html codes on the site updated, but recently, there have been a number of companies that have created software that you may want to check out if you don’t have a technical support department quite yet.

One of the web content management software programs that you may want to look into is Typo3, which is an enterprise free management system. This software is Open Source as well, and has powerful tools that will keep your website looking its best with the latest content. Another enterprise management system that you may want to consider is Vignette. It is easy to install and understand, and could save your company a considerable amount of money as well.

If you want to be able to deliver your website in the most convenient format possible, you may want to try the web content management software powered by DynaBase. This way, you can deliver the site in XML instead of HTML if need be. If you prefer HTML format, EGrail will write the HTML coding for you, and it will interact with the automatic data delivery system that is set up for your site, so you’ll be able to get news feeds on a regular basis.

Of course, you want to make sure that all the content on your site is edited and accurate, and web content management software like RedDot will help you to get the job done. You can edit the documents that have been uploaded onto your site on the Web instead of having to use a word processing tool, and no HTML coding is required.

You also want to make sure that you have access control when you’re choosing your software. This will prevent unauthorized users from making edits on your site, and could save your site from becoming ‘infected’ with a virus. Web content management software can be found at your local electronic and computer stores in most cases.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=68600

The WordPress blogging platform is the #1 choice of many bloggers and online entrepreneurs

Image via CrunchBase

WordPress is free, which is part of it’s appeal, as are many of the enhancements that can be installed to change the look and function of WordPress, including WordPress themes.

However, although there are hundreds of free WordPress themes that you can download and use quite easily, sometimes it’s wise to invest in a premium theme instead. Why? Here are 5 reasons:

1. Customization

The best premium themes are far more customizable than the best free themes. If you want the most flexibility and options without having to learn HTML backwards and forwards, a good premium theme is definitely your best bet.

2. Support

It’s common for the developers of free themes to offer very limited support. And sometimes they offer no support at all. The developers of the best premium themes have more incentive to offer support and will usually have both detailed instructions that are updated frequently and an active user forum. Even the best themes can have technical glitches from time to time, so having good support is manditory when using any WordPress theme.

3. Updates

There is also less incentive for developers of free themes to fix bugs and update their theme when WordPress goes through one of it’s many upgrades. Sometimes they’ll stop offering the theme altogether. Purchasing a good premium theme will usually give you a lifetime of bug fixes and updates so any issues with be corrected in a timely way.

4. Quality

There are very few free themes that come close to the quality of the best premium themes. Everything from design elements to search engine optimization is covered by a good premium theme.

5. No unwanted adware

Free themes sometimes contain hidden code that inserts ads or other things that benefit the theme’s creator instead of you. The best premium themes do not have adware and often you can purchase a license to remove the companies’ logo, etc. so you can ‘brand’ your site and your client’s sites as your own.

While there are good free themes available and honorable developers, the 5 advantages of using a good premium theme should be taken into consideration. If you want to create a site that will hold up well over time and give you the most options, the best premium themes are your best bet by far.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=66990

Being able to do it even when you are not working is part of the fun of doing it. Some people would refer to that as a dream job!

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

Let’s take a closer look at what is required to create an automated income system that pays you even when you are not working!

1. Advertising that runs continually. You will need to market your program or product online when you are first getting your system set up.

To do this you will need to combine free advertising with paid advertising. There are numerous ways you can go about doing this.

You will want to have a pay per click advertising campaign in place that is constantly bringing in leads or visitors. You will also want to develop some long-term traffic by working at getting backlinks to your website.

One of the top ways to do this is to outsource your article marketing efforts. And then use a submission service to maximize your article submissions to the top directories.

2. A splash page to capture contact information of your traffic. By promoting a landing page your visitor can fill out their name and email address so you can follow up with them in the future.

One of the most important parts of creating an automated income system is building a large email list.

3. Use a quality auto responder to follow up automatically. There are many quality autoresponders online but of the ones that stand out are Aweber and GetResponse.

It should be programmed with email messages that go out to your subscribers over a period of time. By setting these up in advance you can let the autoresponder do the hard work for you.

Following up with your subscribers is one way to generate new sales on a continuing basis because people will respond at different times.

4. Sell residual income products. Getting paid in the future for work you are doing now is one way to create a walk away income.

Marketing business opportunities such as a network marketing business is one way to develop a residual income. Selling memberships that pay you in the future for sales you make right now is another way to create a residual income.

These are all elements of creating your own automated income system. By combining advertising, a landing page, a quality auto responder, and residual income products, you will make money even when you are not working.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=67970

Copyright © 2009 Melanie James

Opening a Merchant Account

The first step to be able to accept credit cards as payment is to apply for a merchant account. Banks and merchant account companies offer credit card payment systems for both small and large businesses. However, before you sign up for their service, make sure to research and check the exact terms and conditions of your chosen merchant account provider.

Image by tempo via Flickr

When comparing merchant account service providers don’t forget to check the pricing. How much would each card transaction cost? How much would the setup charge cost you? What kind of support does the company provide to their customers? What about the reputation and track record of the company? What do present clients have to say about their service? These are important questions to consider when choosing a merchant account company.

Does My Business Qualify?

If you’re running a home based business or a small business, what are the requirements to get approved for a merchant account status? Of course, your business’s financial standing would be reviewed. Banks or merchant account companies would be interested to learn exactly how much you earn from your sales each month. If your business has a stable history of sales and income, you should have no problem getting approved for a merchant account.

Another factor that would affect your lender’s decision would be the status of your business credit history. Have you already established a business credit? Usually, a business needs to be at least 2 years in operations to get approved for a merchant account. In 2 years, you should have already established a solid business credit history as well. Needless to say, if you have a problem with your business credit, it would be difficult to get an approval. To be sure, check your business credit report at least 6 months in advance and do the necessary steps to improve your rating before applying for a merchant account.

On the other hand, having a good to excellent business credit history would surely win you a quick approval. If you can prove that your business has been running smoothly for a considerable period of time, and that you have a good business partnership with your suppliers, achieving a merchant status wouldn’t be difficult at all.

Accepting Credit Card Payments

Once approved, you’re now ready to accept credit card payments. See to it that you clearly understand how the processing of credit card payments work. Your merchant account provider should give you all the assistance and support you need to make sure that unnecessary problems would be avoided.

As the owner, you should also be aware on how you can protect your business from the risk of identity theft and credit card fraud. Before accepting credit card payments, you should be ready to handle your incoming credit card transactions.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=66346

Among the most often asked questions that I ever get is "Why isn’t my site showing up in searches?" I’m going to give you a very simple formula.

KEYWORD COMPETITION. Choose a keyword you know you can rank for. (Hint: it’s probably not the first one you think of). Here’s how to know if you have a chance. Look at the top ten sites that rank for a given keyword and specifically for each site check the following indications to see if they are optimizing for that keyword. You can determine most of these by viewing the source code from your browser (view: source).

1. Are the keywords in the URL? 2. Are the keywords in the Title? 3. Are the keywords in the Meta-tags (Description) 4. Are the keywords formatted with H1 header tags in the page

If most of the sites are in fact optimizing for the keyword of choice, I’d recommend trying another keyword. If you get past this test, the next couple of things you should check are page rank for each of the top ten and back links to the page. You can see the PageRank by simply installing the Google Toolbar and enabling that feature. To see how many links are going to a site, you can enter this into a Google search: "link: http://www.site.com" (obviously without the quotes and replacing the www.site.com with the site in question). You should also know that if you try variations like link:http://www.site.com (no space) vs. link: http://www.site.com vs. link: www.site.com, you may see different results. Anyway, keep track of these numbers. Do the same thing for your own site.

WEBSITE PARITY – If your site is in the mix relative to Page Rank and back-links then it looks like you have a competitive chance and the stars are aligned for the keyword of choice. There doesn’t appear to be any obstacles preventing you from ranking on the first page of Google for that keyword. Here’s what you should do.

1. Either build a new page on your site or optimize an existing page so that your page is a positive for the 4 parameters listed above. Put your keywords in the URL, the Title, the Description and in H1 Header tags. Write your content using your keyword and variations (plurals, singulars and even synonyms). Don’t overdo it, you’re writing for people, not robots.

2. Write an article and get it published on various article directories (like ezine.com). But get on board. This is extremely important. Your article should be related to your keyword but doesn’t have to be specifically about it.

3. At the bottom of your article, you create what is known as a resource box. Most people put their bio here. You will also place a hyperlink in the resource box using the keyword that you’re optimizing for and link to the page in your site that you are optimizing.

That’s it! I have done this hundreds if not thousands of times for my sites and my clients and it just works. Whenever it doesn’t, typically your keywords are a little more competitive then you thought. It can be tough finding your sweet spot. Don’t give up though. You might just need to submit another article for the same keywords to give it a boost.

This may sound complicated and might even look like too much work to bother with. What I’ve learned over the years is that websites don’t just work. It takes work. Hopefully this has removed some of the confusion.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=69132

Copyright © 2009 Michael Ogden

These are tips we have found useful in the 9 years we have been using a website.

Image via Wikipedia

1.Choose a good name relevant to your business and make sure you keep it short. We live in UK so we started with .co.uk sites but it is useful to have the .com version as well. Preferably make the same as a well searched key phrase relevant to you business. We subsequently found that that domains that were very long or used hyphens were not so good.

2. Brand your name and business by having your own name and address on the landing page. Have your telephone number on the website because sometimes people would like to have a chat with you before committing themselves.

3. Use an article submission service to get back links. There are also others such as free guest books around the internet, free classified advertising, other people’s websites who will take your link and placing ads through Google such as on Adsense.

4. If you are new to the internet, always get a website done by a professional. Doing it yourself may save money but if the page takes minutes to load while the site tries to load those snazzy graphics you thought were cool, you have lost a customer who will never go back.

5. Have a counter on your website and make sure it starts at 5,500. People hate to be first. It is like choosing a restaurant to eat at. People like frequenting restaurants that are used by others.

6. Use Sky Blue as a background color. It appeals to people.

7. Just one page and the application form at the bottom will capture more leads. Make it easy for people to contact you. Additional pages will help get you into the search engines.

8. We have found that sound or music on a website which starts playing immediately the site loads is a big turn-off.

9. To get people to your site, you can use pay per click, put the website on national print advertising, or put it on your cards and flyers and your car. This was the magic part. We actually got free leads once the initial website investment was paid for. This was not only a very low cost investment. It was one that paid for itself within two months. Whichever method you use, do alot of it. Traditional advertising is like using a sheep dog to drive the sheep into the pen.

10. It took us 7 years to find the right Contact Manager. It is simply Magic. It has taken us 7 years to find the right one. Some will buy the first time but some of the highest achievers in a lot of businesses did not grasp the concept immediately. Some took up to 5 years.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=66342

Article marketing has long been viewed as one of the best strategies for online business. This initiative can help to build reputation, as well as providing hyper-links to your site for the article readers, who may well represent partially qualified leads. The Internet thrives on the presentation of quality information and well written articles can be your organisation’s key contribution. The major search engines value good articles highly, and it’s essential that you compose focused and optimised material for your project.

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

Once you have compiled your comprehensive list of appropriate keywords for your niche, you should prepare articles accordingly. Write very informative pieces which include your keywords and make sure that they are distributed to relevant and powerful article directories and other repositories around the web. Anchor text-based hyper-links within the article resource boxes should point back to the landing pages, as specified, on your website.

You should remember that you need to focus on your website development, as well as your article composition and distribution, as this is equally important within the overall picture. Your website must be adequately optimised to enable you to get the most out of any article marketing campaign, and to ensure this you should concentrate on several areas:

1. Understand that the primary reason why people visit your page is to seek information. You should not spend too much time on fancy presentation, complex graphics and flash animation, if it detracts from the overall message.

2. The layout of your site must be easy to understand and navigate. Visitors must be able to progress from point to point or page to page without any confusion and there should be a logical progression when it comes to presentation of information.

3. Ideally, you should present a separate page for each keyword that you focus on during your article marketing campaign. In this way, the search engines will match the keyword contained in your article’s anchor link with the keyword optimised on each page.

4. Always make sure that most of the content on the web page is directly related to the content of the article. Keep in mind that the reader of the article is being encouraged to check out this site through the actual content of the article itself. He or she should be able to continue this process of discovery, which may be leading them further into your sales funnel!

5. To make sure that the search engines recognize the landing page you have specified as relevant, you should make sure that you:

* Put the exact keywords in the title of your page, as well as in the description.

* Repeat the keywords in the body of the content on the page. It is suggested that you do this to no more than a density of 1%, ie 5 times within 500 words of content, so that it appears natural.

* The H1 tag is very important and the keywords should appear here too.

* Specify the keyword and related keywords (sometimes known as secondary keywords) within your meta-data keywords tag.

6. There is increasing evidence that Google is placing a lot of emphasis on synonism and latent semantic indexing. This means that they will be looking for the existence of certain words and phrases within your content, relating back to their large databases of information, so they can accurately judge whether your content is indeed relevant to your primary keywords.

As you prepare for your article marketing campaign, there’s a great deal to focus your attention on. Make the most of each article that you compose and distribute by ensuring that every element of your campaign is optimised. To ensure that you don’t miss any of these essential steps, give some thought to taking on a Virtual Assistant to make the most of your online business development.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=67588

Had enough on traditional approaches for your business advertisement and commercials? It doesn’t matter if you have a small or big business? Perhaps it’s about time you consider revolving? Get an updated approach that will feed you with quality performance and positive feedbacks. Find a best way that will settle you in no regret at the end of the day. Here’s a tip that this article can share — check web hosting sites and use it for your product introduction. It’s a best way of inducing your products’ advantages.

Image via Wikipedia

Top web hosting company is propagating its excellence towards web hosting. For so many reasons, a lot of people are looking for quality – service – web hosting – companies. Top web hosting service provides opportunity for introducing products and services of different businesses. Either small or big businesses – these web hosting sites guarantee worldwide introduction.

Check on the following web hosting companies. Remember that a good web construction relies deeply on the capability of your host to provide the sincerest features and services so that your goal is being achieved. Review and locate for your best tool. This could be a key to your success.

BlueHost has been exciting for so many years now. Within these years of operation, BlueHost has established a name on web hosting. It has generated many records of satisfied customers. One major reason for this is its excellent service and features. Some of its features are shown as follow: 2500 email accounts, 10GB disk space, bandwidth consisting 250GB per month, Enabled E-Commerce, Host a maximum of 6 domains, website holder for free, and free domain name (for a particular condition).

Hostgator is another top web hosting provider that ventures through great deals and services. It is anybody’s tool. Even beginners can undoubtedly use this as an option since variety of web hosting plan has been given. Its web hosting plan includes the following features: unlimited email accounts, an enabled E-Commerce, Disk space (5GB), Bandwidth per month (75GB), Free Setup, Host unlimited domains, and a free website builder. It also provide a 24/7 customer support to make sure that customers are given the appropriate assistance. You might be interested with Midphase. It offers affordable costing at excellent service, so anybody can get it. Many customers have attested its reliability. Service and features are highly competing — Disk space (5GB), unlimited email accounts, enabled E-Commerce, website builder for free, and a 24/7 customer service.

Lunarpages is part of this battle. When you ask for the best, this should fall into choices. Many of its customers have ended up satisfied and happy because of its competitive service and features. Designs and technology were made in high class. It has 5GB of disk space. Total bandwidth per month reaches to 400GB. It hosts a maximum of 2 domains. Other than these are some more services that include the following: Enabled E-Commerce, unlimited email accounts, free website builder, and a 24/7 customer service.

Other companies dealing top web hosting service are HostExcellence, Yahoo, 1and1, GoDaddy, inmotion hosting, justhost, and hostclear.

Well? Have you chosen your tool? It is important that you point out first your requirement so that you can come up with the most suitable web host site. There could be several considerations in choosing for web host provider, so you better settle those now.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=66380

Keywords meta tag has been very popular in search engine optimization world. It’s believed that search engines read this keyword to determine our site rank in their search results. Whether Google, as the biggest search engine currently, uses this keywords is debatable around search engine optimization experts.

At least for Google’s web search results currently (September 2009), the answer is no. Google doesn’t use the "keywords" meta tag in our web search ranking. This video explains more, or see the questions below.

You can read further information about this from Official Google Webmaster Central Blog.

It Doesn’t Get Any Easier Than This

Image by NMCIL ortiz domney via Flickr

Do you hate the idea of having to pay some webmaster to create a website. Well there’s good news. These days you can create a free website in no time and it couldn’t be any easier. Some free website platforms provide free website hosting and professionally designed website templates for you to choose from.

Easily choose the template design that fits you best and then very soon you’ll be done. Typically these designs are gorgeous and you could stop right there, add some content and be done, or you might want to create your website entirely unique and personal by altering things around a tad. Colors are very easy to change. You can match your company colors or change it to any color you want. The choice is yours. And no programming or HTML skills are needed.

Flexibility and Creativity

Flexible with templates are just the beginning. You’ll also want to look for a platform that allows you to create a free website using a WYSIWYG editor. Say that 10 times fast. But what it stands for is "What You See Is What You Get". It means that the webpage you are designing is going to look just the way it does when you design your content and put it onto your pages.

You can be as creative as you want. Type or cut and paste, and that would of course be for when you have either paid for professional copywriting or written your own content in a Word file and need to get that text onto your website. You can be very creative with the easy to use and flexible free website software.

Show Me the Money

Another feature you’ll want to look for is the ability to monetize your site. What that means in layman’s terms is that you can make money from your free website by choosing to have relevant ads displayed on your site. Typically the money you earn will be split with the create a free website company you build your site with.

Wrapping it Up

It almost sounds too good to be true, but it is absolutely true. You can really create a free website with incredible free software that’s available today.

After you’ve made up your mind to create a free website it should be:

1. Easy
2. Creative
3. Flexible
4. Fun
5. Have the ability to make you money

When creating a free website it’s very easy because all you have to do is point and click. It allows creativity because you can take a template and completely customize it using a variety of options. Creating a free website is a lot of fun but can also make you a decent income if you have a business and want to make money online.

Source: http://www.submityourarticle.com

Permalink: http://www.submityourarticle.com/a.php?a=66197

Image via Wikipedia

Semua dokumen dan aplikasi yang dapat berjalan di atas web browser umumnya memiliki format hypertext markup language (HTML). Karena itu, untuk bisa melalukan pemrograman aplikasi di atas web anda harus terlebih dahulu menguasai HTML. Walaupun sekarang telah banyak terdapat tool yang dapat anda gunakan untuk membuat halaman secara WYSIWYG seperti Frontpage, Dreamweaver, dll, namun tetap saja anda harus menguasai HTML untuk membuat aplikasi berbasis web.

Setelah mempelajari bagian ini anda diharapkan akan mampu:

• Menguasai dasar-dasar HTML.
• Mengenal dan mampu menggunakan tag-tag HTML dasar: H1, H2, dst, list, ordered list, dan unordered list.
• Menguasai dan mengugnakan tabel HTML untuk menampilkan informasi statis dalam bentuk tabel.
• Melakukan pem-format-an paragraph pada dokumen HTML.
• Menentukan warna dokumen HTML.
• Menggunakan frame HTML.
• Melakukan pem-format-an font pada dokumen HTML
• Mengerti dan menggunakan form HTML untuk menerima input dari user.
• Mengerti CSS
• Mengerti sekilas JavaScript

Pendahuluan

HTTP (hypertext transfer procotol) merupakan protokol yang digunakan untuk mentransfer data antar web server ke web browser. Protokol ini mentransfer dokumen-dokumen web yang ditulis atau berformat HTML (hypertext markup language). Dikatakan markup language karena HTML berfungsi untuk ‘memperindah’ file text biasa untuk ditampilkan pada program web browser. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan tag-tag (perintah khusus) pada file text biasa tadi.

Tag HTML biasanya berupa tag-tag yang berpasang-pasangan dan ditandai dengan simbol < dan >. Pasangan atau ‘penutup perintah’ dari sebuah tag ditandai dengan tanda ‘/’. Misalnya pasangan dari tag <contoh> adalah </contoh >.

Struktur Dokumen HTML

Setiap dokumen atau halaman HTML memiliki struktur atau susunan file sebagai berikut:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Judul yang akan muncul pada title bar web browser</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Text, gambar, atau apapun yang ingin anda tampilkan pada dokumen anda ada pada bagian ini.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Latihan: Mengenal Struktur HTML

Ketikkan baris-baris di atas dengan NOTEPAD pada sebuah file baru dengan nama LATIHAN1-1.HTML. Lalu simpan pada direktori C:\TEMP. Lalu jalankan browser anda dan buka file di atas melalui menu FILE-OPEN.

Hasilnya akan terlihat seperti pada gambar di bawah:

Gambar 1 Tampilan Latihan HTML 1

Seperti terlihat, struktur file HTML diawali dengan sebuah tag <HTML> dan ditutup dengan tag </HTML>. Di dalam tag ini terdapat dua buah bagian besar yaitu yang diapit oleh tag <HEAD> … </HEAD> dan tag <BODY> … </BODY>.

Bagian yang diapit oleh tag HEAD merupakan header dari halaman HTML dan tidak ditampilkan pada browser. Bagian ini berisi tag-tag header seperti <TITLE> … </TITLE> yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan judul pada title bar window web browser. Tag lain misalnya <META> dan tag-tag lainnya yang akan kita pelajari kemudian.

Bagian kedua, yang diapit oleh tag BODY merupakan bagian yang akan ditampilkan pada halaman web browser nantinya. Pada bagian ini anda akan menuliskan semua jenis informasi , berupa text dengan bermacam format maupun gambar, yang ingin anda sampaikan pada pengguna nantinya.

Tag Heading

Tag pertama yang akan kita pelajari adalah tag heading yang berfungsi untuk memformat heading (judul dan sub judul) dari sebuah halaman web. Heading ini akan memperbesar ukuran huruf untuk setiap jenis heading. Ada tujuh buah heading yang dikenal di HTML yaitu:

Daftar Tag Heading

Tag pembuka	Tag penutup	Nama	Fungsi
<H1>	</H1>	Heading 1	Judul Besar
<H2>	</H2>	Heading 2	Sub judul 1
<H3>	</H3>	Heading 3	Sub judul 2
<H4>	</H4>	Heading 4	Sub judul 3
<H5>	</H5>	Heading 5	Sub judul 4
<H6>	</H6>	Heading 6	Sub judul 5
<H7>	</H7>	Heading 7	Sub judul 6

Latihan: Mengenal Heading

Ketikkan baris-baris berikut ini pada sebuah file baru, dan simpan dengan nama
LATIHAN1-2.HTML.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Latihan menggunakan tag heading</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Produk PT Maju Terus</H1>

Berikut ini adalah produk yang terdapat oleh PT Maju Terus.

<H2>Komputer</H2>

Pentium II, Pentium 200, Pentium 100, Pentium 75

<H2>Asesori </H2>

Disket 1.44M, Cartridge 100 M Rp 100.000,

<H2>Printer</H2>

HP Laserjet III Rp 2.000.000, HP Deskjet 500 Rp 1.500.000, HP Deskjet 600C Rp 1.900.000

</BODY>
</HTML>

Jalankan browser anda dan buka file di atas. Perhatikan tampilan yang terlihat. Text yang diapit oleh tag <H1> dan </H1> akan muncul dengan ukuran huruf yang lebih besar dan tebal dibandingkan dengan text normal. Text yang diapit oleh tag <H1> dan </H1> akan muncul dengan ukuran huruf yang lebih besar dan tebal dibandingkan dengan text normal namun lebih kecil daripada text yang diapit oleh tag H1. Demikian seterusnya untuk tag-tag heading selanjutnya.

Tag List

Tag <LI> digunakan untuk menampilkan informasi dalam bentuk daftar (list). Ada dua jenis daftar yang dikenal di HTML, yaitu daftar dalam format bullet (bulleted list) dan dalam bentuk nomor (ordered list). Untuk masing-masing jenis list ini diperlukan tambahan tag yang berbeda yaitu tag <UL> dan <OL>.

Latihan: Mengenal List

Sebagai contoh, buka lagi file LATIHAN1-2.HTML dan simpan sebagai LATIHAN1-3.HTML. Lalu ketikkan baris-baris tambahan sehingga terlihat seperti berikut ini:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Latihan menggunakan tag heading</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Produk PT Maju Terus</H1>

Berikut ini adalah produk yang terdapat oleh PT Maju Terus.

<H2>Komputer</H2>

<OL>

<LI>Pentium II

<LI>Pentium 200
<LI>Pentium 100, Pentium 75

</OL>

<H2>Asesori </H2>

<OL>

<LI>Disket 1.44M

<LI>Cartridge 100 M Rp 100.000

</OL>

<H2>Printer</H2>

<UL>

<LI>HP Laserjet III Rp 2.000.000

<LI>HP Deskjet 500 Rp 1.500.000

<LI>HP Deskjet 600C Rp 1.900.000

<UL>

</BODY>
</HTML>

Lalu tampilkan pada browser, dan perhatikan tampilannya. Text yang diapit oleh tag <OL> … </OL> akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk daftar yang teratur (nomor 1,2,3,…). Tag <LI> akan menyebabkan browser menampilkan tanda bullet. Namun jika berada diantara tag <UL>… </UL> tag <LI> akan menyebabkan browser menampilkan nomor yang berurutan.

Tag gambar

Anda dapat menampilkan gambar pada halaman HTML anda jika anda memiliki file gambarnya yang berformat GIF atau JPG. Untuk menampilkan gambar dapat digunakan tag IMG. Format tag ini agak berbeda dengan tag yang telah kita pelajari sebelumnya, yaitu:

<IMG SRC=namafilegambar>

Tag ini tidak memiliki tag penutup. Tag ini memiliki sesuatu didalamnya yang disebut dengan parameter. Parameter yang terlihat di atas dan yang harus disertakan untuk setiap pemanggilan tag IMG adalah parameter SRC. Parameter ini berfungsi untuk menentukan nama file gambar yang akan ditampilkan di browser. Nama file ini harus lengkap dengan path relatif terhadap halaman yang memanggilnya maupun absolut tempat dia berada pada web server.

Latihan: Menggunakan Tag Gambar

Buka file LATIHAN1-3.HTML dan ketikkan baris-baris tambahan sehingga terlihat sebagai berikut:

1. <HTML>

2. <HEAD>

3. <TITLE> Latihan menggunakan tag heading</TITLE>

4. </HEAD>

5. <BODY>

6. <IMG SRC=logo.jpg>

7.

8. <H1>Produk PT Maju Terus</H1>

9. Berikut ini adalah produk yang terdapat pada PT Maju Terus.

10.

11. <H2>Komputer</H2>

12. <OL>

13. <LI>Pentium II

14. <LI>Pentium 200

15. <LI>Pentium 100, Pentium 75

16. </OL>

17.

18. <H2>Asesori </H2>

19. <OL>

20. <LI>Disket 1.44M

21. <LI>Cartridge 100 M Rp 100.000

22. </OL>

23.

24. <H2>Printer</H2>

25. <UL>

26. <LI>HP Laserjet III Rp 2.000.000

27. <LI>HP Deskjet 500 Rp 1.500.000

28. <LI>HP Deskjet 600C Rp 1.900.000

29. <UL>

30.

31. </BODY>

32. </HTML>

Simpan dan berinama LATIHAN1-4.HTML, lalu buka file tersebut pada browser. Anda akan melihat sebuah gambar logo di atas halaman. Jika anda belum memiliki file gambar dengan nama logo.jpg, anda harus terlebih dahulu mengkopikannya pada direktori tempat file LATIHAN1-4.HTML berada.

Pada tag IMG ini kita dapat mendefinisikan beberapa parameter seperti:

Tabel 2 Paramter Tag IMG

Parameter	Fungsi	Isi
BORDER	Menentukan ukuran garis pinggir gambar jika dijadikan hypertext	0,1,2,… (pixel)
WIDTH	Menentukan ukuran lebar tabel	Dapat dalam % ukuran layar, atau dalam pixel
HEIGHT	Menentukan ukuran tinggi tabel	Dapat dalam % ukuran layar, atau dalam pixel
ALT	Menentukan text yang akan muncul di browser saat gambar berlum terdownload.	Text
HSPACE	Menentukan ukuran spasi antar gambar dengan text dalam arah horizontal	0,1,2,… (pixel)
VSPACE	Menentukan ukuran spasi antar gambar dengan text dalam arah vertikan	0,1,2,… (pixel)

Link

Kemampuan web untuk dapat melompat ke halaman lain atau ke alamat internet (URL) lain merupakan salah satu fasilitas yang sangat istimewa karena dapat sangat memudahkan pencarian informasi di internet. Sifat ini disebut hyperlink dan text atau gambar yang dapat kita click untuk menuju suatu halaman atau alamat tertentu disebut hypertext.

Untuk membuat hypertext ke halaman atau alamat URL lain digunakan tag sebagai berikut:

<A HREF=URL _tujuan> hypertext </A>

URL_tujuan dapat berupa nama file yang akan dibuka setelah hypertext di-click oleh pengguna, maupun URL dari sebuah halaman yang ada di internet.

Latihan: Menggunakan Link

Buka file LATIHAN1-4.HTML lalu berinama dengan nama LATIHAN1-5.HTML. Ketikkan baris-baris tambahan berikut ini:

1. <HEAD>

2. <TITLE> Latihan menggunakan link</TITLE>

3. </HEAD>

4. <BODY>

5.

6. <IMG SRC=logo.jpg>

7.

8. <H1>Produk PT Maju Terus</H1>

9. Berikut ini adalah produk yang terdapat pada PT Maju Terus.

10.

11. <H2>Komputer</H2>

12. <OL>

13. <LI><A HREF=http://www.compaq.com>Compaq Pentium II Rp 15.000.000</A>

14. <LI><A HREF=http://www.hp.com>HP Pentium 200 Rp 16.000.000</A>

15. <LI><A HREF=http://www.acer.com>Acer Pentium 100 Rp 14.000.000</A>

16. </OL>

17.

18. <H2>Asesori </H2>

19. <OL>

20. <LI>Disket 1.44M

21. <LI>Cartridge 100 M Rp 100.000

22. </OL>

23.

24. <H2>Printer</H2>

25. <UL>

26. <LI>HP Laserjet III Rp 2.000.000

27. <LI>HP Deskjet 500 Rp 1.500.000

28. <LI>HP Deskjet 600C Rp 1.900.000

29. <UL>

30. </BODY>

31. </HTML>

Pada contoh di atas, jika anda men-click text Compaq Pentium II Rp 15.000.000, anda akan dilompatkan ke homepage Compaq yang beralamatkan pada http://www.compaq.com.

Link dapat juga terjadi ke halaman lain pada server yang sama. Untuk ini parameter HREF cukup diisikan nama file HTML tujuan yang ingin anda buka. Contohnya:

<A HREF=disktet.html>Disket 1.44MB</A>

akan menyebabkan jika anda men-click text “Disket 1.44MB” browser akan membuka file DISKET.HTML pada direktori yang sama dengan file yang memanggil tag ini. Untuk ini anda harus terlebih dahulu memiliki file dengan nama DISKET.HTML.

Link Pada Satu Halaman

Link dapat juga terjadi pada dokumen yang sama, terutama jika dokumen itu terdiri dari banyak halaman yang menyulitkan pengguna untuk membacanya. Link pada satu dokumen ini dapat diibaratkan sebagai daftar isi dari dokumen tersebut.

Untuk membuat link pada satu halaman, digunakan kombinasi tag <A NAME=tujuan1> … </A> dengan tag <A HREF=#tujuan1> … </A>. Contohnya jika anda memiliki bagian dokumen sebagai berikut:

.

.

<H2><A NAME=bab2>BAB 2 Pembibitan</A></H2>

.

.

maka bagian lain pada dokumen anda dapat membuat link ke bagian di atas dengan tag sebagai berikut:

.

.

… detail mengenai pembibitan dapat dilihat pada <A HREF=#bab2>Bab 2</A>.

.

.

Link Dari Suatu Gambar

Link dapat pula kita buat bukan hanya pada text, namun juga pada gambar. Untuk melakukan ini, gunakan tag sebagai berikut:

<A HREF=url_tujuan> <IMG SRC=gambar.jpg> </A>

Tabel HTML

Tabel merupakan cara untuk menampilkan informasi dalam bentuk sel yang terdiri dari baris dan kolom. Untuk menampilkan data dalam bentuk tabel pada HTML, digunakan tag <TABLE>… </TABLE>. Tag ini berisi tag <TR> … </TR> untuk menentukan baris (table row) yang didalamnya terdapat tag <TD> …</TD> untuk menampilkan data pada setiap sel tabel (table data). Struktur tag ini adalah sebagai berikut:

<TABLE>

<TR>

<TD>data baris 1 kolom 1</TD><TD>data baris 1 kolom 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>data baris 2 kolom 1</TD><TD>data baris 2 kolom 2</TD>

</TR>

<TR>

<TD>data baris 3 kolom 1</TD><TD>data baris 3 kolom 2</TD>

</TR>

…

</TABLE>

Latihan: Menggunakan Tabel HTML 1

Buka file LATIHAN1-5.HTML dan simpan sebagai LATIHAN1-6.HTML. Ketikkan baris-baris tambahan sebagai berikut:

1. <HEAD>

2. <TITLE> Latihan menggunakan link</TITLE>

3. </HEAD>

4. <BODY>

5.

6. <IMG SRC=logo.jpg>

7.

8. <H1>Produk PT Maju Terus</H1>

9. Berikut ini adalah produk yang terdapat pada PT Maju Terus.

10.

11. <H2>Komputer</H2>

12. <TABLE>

13.

14. <TR>

15. <TD><A HREF=http://www.compaq.com>Compaq Pentium II </A></TD>

16. <TD>Rp 15.000.000</TD>

17. </TR>

18.

19. <TR>

20. <TD><A HREF=http://www.hp.com>HP Pentium 200</A></TD>

21. <TD>Rp 16.000.000</TD>

22. </TR>

23.

24. <TR>

25. <TD><A HREF=http://www.acer.com>Acer Pentium 100</A></TD>

26. <TD>Rp 14.000.000</TD>

27. </TR>

28.

29. </TABLE>

30.

31. <H2>Asesori </H2>

32. <UL>

33. <LI>Disket 1.44M

34. <LI>Cartridge 100 M Rp 100.000

35. </UL>

36.

37. <H2>Printer</H2>

38. <UL>

39. <LI>HP Laserjet III Rp 2.000.000

40. <LI>HP Deskjet 500 Rp 1.500.000

41. <LI>HP Deskjet 600C Rp 1.900.000

42. <UL>

43. </BODY>

44. </HTML>

Buka file LATIHAN1-6.HTML pada browser, anda akan melihat bagian komputer akan berada pada sebuah tabel yang terformat rapi.

Latihan: Menggunakan Tabel HTML 2

Lakukan pemformatan tabel terhadap bagian-bagian lainnya, dan simpan kedalam file LATIHAN1-7.HTML.

Di dalam tag TABLE kita dapat mendefinisikan beberapa parameter seperti:

Tabel 1. 3 Paramter Tag TABLE

Parameter	Fungsi	Isi
BORDER	Menentukan ukuran garis pinggir tabel	0,1,2,… (pixel)
WIDTH	Menentukan ukuran lebar tabel	Dapat dalam % ukuran layar, atau dalam pixel
HEIGHT	Menentukan ukuran tinggi tabel	Dapat dalam % ukuran layar, atau dalam pixel
BGCOLOR	Menentukan warna tabel	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
BACKGROUND	Menentukan nama file gambar untuk background tabel	Nama file background (dalam format JPG atau GIF)

Sebagian besar dari parameter TABEL dapat digunakan untuk menentukan parameter dari baris maupun sel. Untuk menentukan parameter baris gunakan tag

<TR PARAMETER1=aaa PARAMETER2=bbb …> </TR>.

Sedangkan untuk menentukan parameter dari suatu sel gunakan tag

<TD PARAMETER1=aaa PARAMETER2=bbb …> </TD>

Format Paragraph

Disamping perintah-perintah format yang telah dijelaskan di atas, HTML memiliki beberapa format standard lainnya yang berupa text alignment, paragraph, horizontal line.

Tabel 1. 4 Tag Paragraph

Tag format	Guna	Contoh
<CENTER> … </CENTER>	Membuat text suatu paragraph menjadi rata ketengah	<CENTER> text ini akan rata ke tengah </CENTER>
<RIGHT>…</RIGHT>	Membuat text suatu paragraph menjadi rapat kanan	<RIGHT> text ini akan rata ke tengah </RIGHT >
<P>	Membuat satu pemisah paragraph	Paragraph 1 <P> Paragraph 2
<BR>	Membuat satu pemisah baris	Baris 1 <BR> Baris 2
<HR>	Memberikan satu garis pemisah yang berkesan 3 dimensi	Paragraph 1 <HR> Paragraph 2

Format Font

Font pada halaman HTML dapat diformat seusai dengan desain yang anda tentukan. Untuk ini digunakan tag <FONT>…</FONT>. Berikut ini beberapa parameter yang dapat digunakan untuk memformat font.

Tabel 1. 5 Paramter Tag FONT

Tag format	Fungsi	Isi
SIZE	Menentukan ukuran font	…,-2,-1,+1,+2,+3,..
COLOR	Menentukan warna font	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
FACE	Menentukan jenis font	Nama font yang tersedia di browser, misalnya “Arial”, “Times New Roman”, “Courier”, dll

Warna Dokumen

Pada tag BODY dapat kita sertakan informasi tambahan berupa parameter yang digunakan untuk memodifikasi tampilan dari seluruh dokumen HTML anda. Untuk menyertakan parameter pada tag BODY, gunakan tag berikut ini:

<BODY PARAMETER1=isi_parameter1 PARAMETER2=isi_parameter2 dst>

Beberapa parameter yang diapat digunakan untuk tag BODY adalah:

Tabel 1. 6 Parameter Tag BODY

Parameter	Fungsi	Isi
BGCOLOR	Menentukan warna backgound halaman	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
BACKGROUND	Menentukan nama file gambar untuk background halaman	Nama file background (dalam format JPG atau GIF)
TEXT	Menentukan warna text normal	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
LINK	Menentukan warna hypertext	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
ALINK	Menentukan warna hypertext saat di-click	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)
VLINK	Menentukan warna hypertext yang telah pernah dikunjungi	Dalam hexadesimal #000000 (hitam) sampai dengan #FFFFFF (putih)

Contoh untuk membuat background halaman menjadi warna merah, warna hypertext menjadi hijau, dan warna text normal menjadi putih, digunakan tag sebagai berikut:

<BODY BGCOLOR=”#FF0000″ TEXT=”#FFFFFF” LINK=”#008000″ VLINK=”#800080″ ALINK=”#0000FF”>

Frame HTML

Frame HTML dapat digunakan untuk membuat tampilan halaman HTML yang terbagi-bagi menjadi beberapa bagian dimana setiap bagiannya merupakan satu halaman HTML terpisah. Ini dilakukan untuk membuat tampilan halaman HTML yang salah satu atau beberapa bagian berganti-ganti isinya sedangkan bagian lain tetap sehingga dapat menghemat bandwidth internet dan mempercepat proses download secara keseluruhan.

Berikut ini contoh ilustrasi dari frame HTML:

Gambar 2 Frame HTML

Pada contoh di atas, anda memiliki sebuah halaman HTML utama yang terdiri dari 5 buah frame. Masing-masing frame memanggil file-file HTML yang terpisah untuk dijadikan menjadi satu tampilan pada halaman HTML utama.

Untuk membuat frame pada HTML digunakan tag <FRAMESET> … </FRAMESET>. Di dalam tag ini terdapat tag <FRAME> yang menentukan isi dari frame yang ditentukan pada tag FRAMESET. Struktur dari tag ini adalah:

<FRAMESET ROWS=a,b,c,… atau COLS=a,b,c,…>

<FRAME NAME=nama_frame1 SRC=nama_file_html_frame1>

<FRAME NAME=nama_frame2 SRC=nama_file_html_frame2>

<FRAME NAME=nama_frame3 SRC=nama_file_html_frame3>

</FRAMESET>

Pada tag FRAMESET terdapat parameter ROWS atau COLS yang menentukan apakan tampilan dokumen terbagi menjadi baris-baris frame atau kolom-kolom frame. Isi dari parameter ini adalah persentasi atau ukuran dalam pixel dari tinggi atau lebar dari masing-masing frame. Misalnya kita tentukan parameter ROWS=40,100 maka halaman HTML kita akan terbagi menjadi dua frame yang berbentuk dua baris dengan tinggi masing-masing 40 dan 100 pixel. Jika ditentukan parameter COLS=20%,* maka dokumen kita akan berbentuk dua kolom frame dengan ukuran lebar masing-masing 20% dan 80% dari lebar window browser. Tanda * digunakan untuk harga sisa dari 100% harga yang telah ditentukan pada harga lainnya.

Pada tag FRAME tetdapat parameter NAME yang menentukan identifikasi berupa nama dari setiap frame. Identifikasi ini diperlukan nantinya untuk hubungan antar frame. Parameter selanjutnya adalah SRC yang berisi nama file HTML yang akan ditampilkan pada frame ini.

Frame dapat kita susun bertingkat untuk menghasilkan susunan frame yang berbentuk kolom dan baris sekaligus. Perhatikan contoh berikut:

<FRAMESET ROWS=20%,*>

<FRAME NAME=header SRC=header.html>

<FRAMESET COLS=30%,*>

<FRAME NAME=kiri SRC=kiri.html>

<FRAME NAME=kanan SRC=kanan.html>

</FRAMESET>

</FRAMESET>

Latihan: Menggunakan Frame 1

Ketikkan baris-baris di atas dan simpan dengan nama file LATIHAN1-8.HTML. Jalankan atau buka di browser. Anda akan mendapatkan tampilan sebagai berikut:

Gambar 3 Tampilan Latihan 1. 8

Pesan-pesan “File not found” muncul karena memang kita belum memiliki file dengan nama HEADER.HTML, KIRI.HTML, dan KANAN.HTML. File-file ini akan kita buat pada latihan selanjutnya.

Latihan: Menggunakan Frame 2

Buat file baru dengan nama HEADER.HTML, KIRI.HTML, dan KANAN.HTML dengan isi masing-masing sebagai berikut:

File HEADER.HTML

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Header dokumen</H1>

</BODY>

</HTML>

File KIRI.HTML

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Daftar Isi</H1>

<A HREF=kanan.html TARGET=kanan>Isi awal</A><P>

<A HREF=kanan1.html TARGET=kanan>Isi pertama</A><P>

<A HREF=kanan2.html TARGET=kanan>Isi kedua</A><P>

</BODY>

</HTML>

File KANAN.HTML

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Isi frame awal</H1>

Isi awal

</BODY>

</HTML>

File KANAN1.HTML

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Isi frame dari link pertama</H1>

Isi dari link pertama

</BODY>

</HTML>

File KANAN2.HTML

<HTML>

<HEAD>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<H1>Isi frame dari link ke dua</H1>

Isi dari link ke dua

</BODY>

</HTML>

Kemudian buka kembali file LATIHAN1-8.HTML dan click link-link yang terdapat pada frame kiri. Anda akan mendapatkan bahwa frame kanan berubah-ubah isinya sesuai dengan link yang anda click.

Satu hal yang baru adalah parameter TARGET pada tag <A HREF>. Parameter ini digunakan untuk menentukan tujuan frame tempat dokumen HTML akan ditampilkan. Parameter ini digunakan saat kita memanfaatkan tag FRAME.

Form HTML

Form HTML merupakan tag yang paling penting khusunya dalam membuat aplikasi berbasis web. Form menyediakan elemen-elemen masukan yang dapat berupa textbox, check box, radio button, dan tombol.

Berikut ini contoh sebuah form pada sebuah halaman HTML.

Gambar 4 Contoh tampilan FORM HTML

Mendeklarasikan Form

Untuk mendeklarasikan sebuah form digunakan tag <FORM> … </FORM>. Di dalam tag ini kita akan mendefinisikan elemen-elemen form seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas. Selain tag elemen form kita juga dapat menuliskan sembarang text, tag, image.

Elemen tombol Submit digunakan untuk mengirimkan data yang ada pada form ke sebuah program yang akan memproses data tersebut. Tombo Reset digunakan untuk mengosongkan atau mengulangi isi form ke keadaan semulanya.

Struktur tag FORM ini adalah:

<FORM ACTION=program_pemroses METHOD=POST atau GET >

elemen 1

elemen 2

… dst

</FORM>

Parameter ACTION menentukan file atau program yang akan memproses data yang diterima oleh form saat pengguna men-click tombol Submit. Parameter METHOD digunakan untuk menentukan metoda pengiriman data form ke pemroses apakah GET atau POST.

Elemen Textbox

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan masukan berupa textbox yang mampu menerima masukan berupa string sebanyak satu baris.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=textbox1 SIZE=xx>

dimana TYPE menentukan jenis masukan yang berupa TEXT (textbox), NAME adalah identifikasi dari elemen ini untuk dibaca oleh program pemroses nantinya, SIZE adalah ukuran tampilnya textbox ini dalam banyaknya karakter.

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 5 Elemen Text Box

Elemen Textarea

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan masukan berupa textbox yang mampu menerima masukan berupa string lebih dari satu baris.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<TEXTAREA NAME=textbox1 ROWS=xx COLS=yy> isi awal </TEXTAREA>

Parameter NAME adalah identifikasi dari elemen ini untuk dibaca oleh program pemroses nantinya, COLS dan ROWS adalah ukuran kolom dan baris tampilnya textbox ini dalam banyaknya karakter. Semua text yang diapit oleh tag ini akan ditampilkan di dalamnya pada saat awal munculnya textbox ini.

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 6 Elemen TEXTAREA

Elemen Checkbox

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan masukan berupa pilihan dimana pengguna dapat memilih lebih dari satu pilihan.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME=checkbox1 VALUE=ON atau OFF>Pilihan 1

dimana parameter TYPE menentukan jenis masukan yang berupa CHECKBOX, NAME adalah identifikasi dari elemen ini untuk dibaca oleh program pemroses nantinya, VALUE menentukan apakah pada keadaan awal checkbox ini terpilih (ON) atau tidak (OFF).

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 7 Elemen CHECKBOX

Elemen Radio Botton

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan masukan berupa pilihan dimana pengguna hanya dapat memilih satu pilihan pada satu saat.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=radio1 VALUE=pilihan1 CHECKED >Pilihan 1

<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=radio1 VALUE=pilihan2>Pilihan 2

<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=radio1 VALUE=pilihan3>Pilihan 3

dst

dimana parameter TYPE menentukan jenis masukan yang berupa RADIO (radio button), NAME adalah identifikasi dari elemen ini untuk dibaca oleh program pemroses nantinya, CHECKED menentukan apakah pada keadaan awal radio button ini terpilih atau tidak, VALUE adalah harga dari pilihan.

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 8 Elemen RADIO button

Elemen Drop-Down Menu

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan masukan berupa pilihan dimana pengguna hanya dapat memilih satu pilihan pada satu saat dan pengguna dapat melihat semua pilihan dengan menekan tombol dropdown yang tersedia.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<SELECT NAME=menu1>

<OPTION VALUE=pilihan1>Pilihan 1

<OPTION VALUE=pilihan2>Pilihan 2

<OPTION VALUE=pilihan3>Pilihan 3

dst …

</SELECT>

Di dalam tag SELECT ini terdapat tag OPTION yang berfungsi untuk menampilkan pilihan-pilihan yang akan tersedia. Setiap pilihan ditentukan isinya dengan parameter VALUE.

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 9 Elemen Dropdown

Elemen Tombol

Elemen ini digunakan untuk menampilkan tombol yang dapat berupa tombol SUBMIT untuk mengirimkan data ke pemroses di server, RESET untuk mengulangi isian form, atau NORMAL yang tidak berfungsi apapun sebelum kita mendefinisikan sebuah fungsi untuknya dengan bantuan client-side scripting seperti JavaScript atau VBScript.

Tag yang digunakan adalah:

<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=OK NAME=tombol1> untuk tombol Submit

<INPUT TYPE=RESET VALUE=Reset NAME=tombol2> untuk tombol Reset

<INPUT TYPE=NORMAL VALUE=Jumlah NAME=tombol3> untuk tombol Normal

Pada browser, elemen ini akan terlihat sebagai berikut:

Gambar 10 Elemen Tombol

Latihan: Menggunakan Elemen Form

Kita akan membuat sebuah form dengan kriteria sebagai berikut:

• Mampu menampung field Nama, Alamat, Telpon, Fax, dan Email
• Mampu menampung field Pekerjaan yang berupa dropdown menu dengan pilihan “Mahasiswa”, “Pelajar”, “Pegawai Negeri”, dan “Pegawai Swasta”, dengan isi masing-masing “mahasiswa”, “pelajar”, “peg_negeri”, dan “peg_swasta”.
• Mempu menampung field Anggota yang berupa pilihan “Ya” atau “Tidak”.
• Terdapat tombol dengan text “Kirim Data” untuk mengirim data dan “Ulangi” untuk mengulangi proses pengisian.
• Program yang akan memproses data ini berada di server dengan nama PROSES.EXE dan data dikiriman dengan metoda GET

Untuk membuat form dengan kriteria seperti di atas, ketikkan baris-baris berikut:

1. <HTML>

2. <BODY>

3. <FORM ACTION=PROSES.EXE METHOD=GET>

4. Nama : <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=nama> <P>

5. Alamat: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=alamat> <P>

6. Telepon: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=telepon> <P>

7. Fax: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=fax> <P>

8. Email: <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=email> <P>

9.

10. <SELECT NAME=pekerjaan>

11. <OPTION VALUE=mahasiswa>Mahasiswa

12. <OPTION VALUE=pelajar >Pelajar

13. <OPTION VALUE=peg_negeri >Pegawai Negeri

14. <OPTION VALUE=peg_swasta >Pegawai Swasta

15. </SELECT>

16.

17. Anggota :

18. <INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=anggota VALUE=ya CHECKED>Ya

19. <INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=anggota VALUE=bukan >Bukan

20.

21. <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=”Kirim Data” NAME=submit>

22. <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE=”Ulangi” NAME=reset>

23. </FORM>

24. </BODY>

25. </HTML>

Pada form di atas, ketikan pengguna men-click tombol Submit, data akan terkirim ke server. Data ini tersusun dalam pasangan nama elemen form dan isinya dengan tanda ‘=’. Kesemua pasangan itu dipisahkan dengan tanda &.

Data-data ini kemudian akan diberikan ke server dan diteruskan ke program yang pada contoh di atas bernama PROSES.PHP. Bagaimana cara memproses data yang dimaksud sehingga sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditentukan, akan kita pelajari pada bagian selanjutnya.

Layer HTML

Layer adalah bagian dari dokumen HTML yang posisinya dapat diatur dalam satuan pixel (LEFT dan TOP), demikian pula lebar dan tingginya (WIDTH dan HEIGHT).

Boleh terdapat lebih dari satu layer dalam satu dokumen, masing-masing dapat saling bertumpuk => urutan tumpukan dapat diatur (Z-INDEX)

Layer dapat berisi semua tag HTML dan segala jenis in formasi.

Layer dapat dibuat dengan beberapa Tag sbb:

Contoh

<HTML>

<BODY>

<span id=”Layer1″ style=”position:absolute; left:126px; top:390px; width:200px;   height:115px; z-index:1″>

  Text ini berada di dalam layer SPAN

</span>

<div id=”Layer2″   style=”position:absolute; width:200px; height:115px;   z-index:1; left: 58px; top: 904px;
  background-color: #CCFFCC;   layer-background-color: #CCFFCC;   border: 1px none #000000″>

     Text ini berada di dalam layer DIV

</div>

<layer id=”Layer3″ left=”109″ top=”931″   width=”200″ height=”115″ z-index=”1″ bgcolor=”#FF3399″>

     Text ini berada di dalam layer LAYER

</layer>

<ilayer id=”Layer4″ left=”281″ top=”36″   width=”200″ height=”115″ z-index=”1″ bgcolor=”#CCFFCC”>

     Text ini berada di dalam layer ILAYER

</ilayer>

</BODY>

</HTML>

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

CSS adalah feature HTML yang digunakan untuk memperkaya desain tampilan dokumen/style (ukuran font, jenis font, warna, tingkat presisi pixel, dsb) dan mempermudah proses layout dokumen.

Dengan CSS:

• Setiap definisi style diberi nama khusus, disebut Selector
• Tag HTML dapat di definisikan ulang, disebut Tag Selector
• Dapat dibuat definisi baru untuk setiap tag HTML, disebut Class Selector
• Dapat dibuat definisi untuk objek dokumen yang memiliki ID tersendiri (mis: layer HTML), disebut ID Selector

Selector dinyatakan dengan tag <STYLE TYPE=”text/css”> yang diletakkan di bagian <HEAD> dokumen HTML

Format “Tag Selector” (definisi ulang Tag HTML):

<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>

TAGSelector {property:value; … }

</STYLE>

Contoh:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>
B {font-family:verdana; font-size:10pt; color:red}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY> 

Ini contoh penggunaan <B>tag Bold</B> yang telah di
  definisikan ulang dengan CSS.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Format “Class Selector” (definisi style baru), untuk membuat style yang dapat dipakai oleh semua Tag HTML:

<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>

.CLASSSelector {property:value; … }

</STYLE>

Contoh:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>
.kepala {font-family:verdana; font-size:14pt; color:green}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY> Ini contoh penggunaan <B class=”kepala”>tag Bold</B> yang
menggunakan definisi class kepala. <br> Ini contoh penggunaan <I class=”kepala”>tag Italic</I> yang
menggunakan definisi class kepala.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Format “ID Selector”: Style untuk digunakan oleh object yang memiliki ID khusus (umumnya layer HTML)

<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>

#IDSelector {property:value; … }

</STYLE>

Contoh:

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<STYLE TYPE=”text/css”>

#layer1 {position:absolute; left:10;top:10; z-Index:0}

#layer2 {position:absolute; left:140;top:140; z-Index:1}

</STYLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<div ID=”layer1″>

<table border=”1″ bgcolor=”#FFCC00″>

<tr>

<td>Ini LAYER 1<br>Posisinya dimulai dari titik 10,10</td>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<div ID=”layer2″> <table border=”1″ bgcolor=”#00CCFF”>

<tr>

<td>Ini LAYER 2<br>Posisinya dimulai dari titik 140,140</td>

</tr>

</table></div>

</BODY>

</HTML>

Definisi Style dapat disimpan di sebuah file yang dapat digunakan bersama-sama oleh semua file HTML, sehingga merubah file tsb otomatis merubah semua dokumen, artinya:

• mempermudah proses layout dan design
• mempercepat download dokumen-dokumen HTML selanjutnya karena file style hanya di download sekali saja

<LINK rel=stylesheet

href=”namafile.css” type=”text/css”>

Contoh

<HTML>

<HEAD>

  <LINK rel=stylesheet href=”style.css” type=”text/css”>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

<div ID=”layer1″>

<table border=”1″ bgcolor=”#FFCC00″>

<tr>

<td>Ini LAYER 1<br>Posisinya dimulai dari titik 10,10</td>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<div ID=”layer2″> <table border=”1″ bgcolor=”#00CCFF”>

<tr>

<td>Ini LAYER 2<br>Posisinya dimulai dari titik 140,140</td>

</tr>

</table></div>

Ini contoh penggunaan <B class=”kepala”>tag Bold</B> yang menggunakan definisi class kepala.

</BODY>

</HTML>

Isi file style.css

.kepala {font-family:verdana; font-size:14pt; color:green}

#layer1 {position:absolute; left:10;top:10; z-Index:0}

#layer2 {position:absolute; left:140;top:140; z-Index:1}

Tag LINK digunakan untuk membuat kaitan (hubungan) antara dokumen ini ke dokumen lain yang disebut pada atribut HREF

Atribut REL pada tag LINK menentukan apa jenis hubungan (relationship) antara dokumen ini dengan dokumen yang tersebut pada atribut HREF

Sekilas Tentang Script

Script adalah program kecil yang dituliskan pada dokumen HTML dan dijalankan pada browser

Disebut “Client Side Script” karena dijalankan di sisi client (browser), dapat digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan elemen-elemen dokumen HTML (elemen form, layer, body, title bar, status bar, dll)

JavaScript dan VBScript adalah bahasa yang paling populer digunakan

Script didefinisikan dengan tag <SCRIPT> … </SCRIPT> , dapat diletakkan pada bagian heading maupun body dokumen

Boleh ditambahkan tag <NOSCRIPT> … </NOSCRIPT> untuk mengeluarkan pesan jika browser tidak mempunyai feature untuk menjalankan script

Script umumnya didefinisikan dengan function untuk digunakan oleh elemen-elemen dokumen, yang dikaitkan dengan event yang ada pada elemen tsb (mis: onClick, onLoad, onFocus, dll)

Formatnya sbb:

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>

<!– definisi-function-script 

function function1 (); 

function function2 ();

//—>

</SCRIPT>

</HEAD>

<BODY onLoad=”function1″>

<NOSCRIPT>

 informasi bahwa browser tdk memiliki feature

menjalankan script

</NOSCRIPT>

…

…

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” onClick=”function2″>

…

…

</BODY>

</HTML>

Contoh JavaScript

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>

function welcome() {

alert(“Selamat Datang, saya dipanggil \

oleh event onLoad dokumen ini”);

}

function ditekan(label) {

alert(“Hai, anda baru saja menekan tombol ” + label);

}

</SCRIPT>

</HEAD>

<BODY onLoad=”welcome()”>

<NOSCRIPT>

browser anda tdk memiliki feature menjalankan script

</NOSCRIPT>

<FORM>

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”OK” onClick=”ditekan(this.value)”>

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”Cancel” onClick=”ditekan(this.value)”>

</FORM>

</BODY>

</HTML>

Contoh Event-event yang paling sering digunakan

Definisi function script boleh juga dituliskan dalam satu file khusus agar dapat digunakan secara bersama-sama oleh banyak dokumen HTML. Untuk itu digunakan atribut SRC, yang isinya adalah lokasi file script, pada tag <SCRIPT>, misalnya:

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript” SRC=”http://www.mycompany.com/scripts/scripts.js”>
</SCRIPT>

</HEAD>

<BODY onLoad=”welcome()”>

<NOSCRIPT>

browser anda tdk memiliki feature menjalankan script

</NOSCRIPT>

<FORM>

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”OK” onClick=”ditekan(this.value)”>

<INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON” VALUE=”Cancel” onClick=”ditekan(this.value)”>

</FORM>

</BODY>

</HTML>

Selengkapnya lihat pada JavaScript Documentation (http://developer.netscape.com/library/documentation/javascript.html)

Tag META

Tag <META> digunakan untuk menyimpan informasi yang berkaitan dengan browser (mis: refresh) dan search engine (mis: keyword, description), atau keperluan khusus lainnya

Tag <META> memiliki atribut NAME, HTTP-EQUIV, dan CONTENT yang menentukan apa fungsi dari tag META itu sendiri

Tag <META> “DESCRIPTION” dan “KEYWORD”, digunakan agar search engine dapat mengindex website anda, menampilkan pada direktorinya, berdasarkan DESCRIPTION dan KEYWORD yang ada, misalnya:

<HEAD>

<META NAME=”DESCRIPTION” CONTENT=”Virtual Training Center”>

<META NAME=”KEYWORDS” CONTENT=”HTML, PHP, JAVASCRIPT, VIRTUAL”>

</HEAD>

Tag <META> “REFRESH” digunakan untuk secara otomatis mereload dokumen HTML atau meload dokumen HTML baru setelah sekian detik, misalnya:

<HEAD>

<META HTTP-EQUIV=”REFRESH” CONTENT=”5;URL=http://www.vitraining.com”>

</HEAD>

Related articles by Zemanta

• How to Link to Your Facebook Fan Page from Your Profile Page (kimwoodbridge.com)
• Red Hat Claims Patent On SOAP Over CGI (yro.slashdot.org)
• 5 Tech Things Every Blogger Should Know (blogherald.com)
• Playing with Code (knowledgefordevelopment.com)
• Embed Zoho Meeting in your website/blog (blogs.zoho.com)
• Facebook Begins Rolling Out Free Profile Usernames For Vanity URLs (allfacebook.com)
• Breaking: Facebook Username Landrush to Start June 13 at Midnight (insidefacebook.com)